top of page
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฆื•ืจืข


ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื™ึฐื’ึทืœึผึทื— ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืฉื‚ึฐืขึธืจื•ึน ืึถืช ืจึนืืฉืื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ื–ึฐืงึธื ื•ึน ื•ึฐืึตืช ื’ึผึทื‘ึผึนืช ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืฉื‚ึฐืขึธืจื•ึน ื™ึฐื’ึทืœึผึตื—ึท ื•ึฐื›ึดื‘ึผึถืก ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื’ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึทืฅ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื˜ึธื”ึตืจ. (ื™ื“ ื˜)

ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”

ืคืœืกื˜ืจ ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืขืœ ืคืฆืข - ื”ืื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”?

ืกืชื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉืŸ - ื”ืื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”?

ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ืœื”ื˜ื”ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืžืืชื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžื˜ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื˜ื”ืจื ืžื˜ื•ืžืืชื, ืื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™, ืœื ื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ - ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ (ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืค"ื˜ ืž"ื) - ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฆืง ืื• ื˜ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืื• ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื›ืœื™, ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื• ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืžื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” (ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืค"ื ื”ื™"ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™, ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื™ ื), ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื•ืจืข: ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึทืฅ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื˜ึธื”ึตืจ (ื›ืืŸ) - ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจื• ืœืžื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื• ื; ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืคื‘ ื), ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืช "ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื" ืฉื™ื’ืข ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘"ืง ืฉื, ื•ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื™ืชื•ืจ "ื‘ืฉืจื•"). ื•ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ (ื ื“ื” ืกื• ื‘) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืขืœ ืงืจื™: ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึทืฅ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึธื™ึดื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจื•ึน (ืฉื ื˜ื• ื˜ื–) - ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื•. ืืฃ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืกืœืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื• (ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืค"ื˜ ืž"ื ื•ื‘; ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ ื‘ ื•ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืค"ื‘ ื”ื˜"ื•; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืงืฆื— ื”), ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึทืฅ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทื™ึดื - ืืช ื”ื˜ืคืœ ืœื‘ืฉืจื• (ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉื ื•ืฉื), ืฉื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืฉืจื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ, ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื™ื (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื). ื•ืืฃ ื”ืฆืคืจื ื™ื™ื ื ืชืจื‘ื• ืžืžืงืจื ื–ื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ (ืชืคืืจืช ืœืžืฉื” ืกื™' ืงืฆื—). ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื (ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืกื™' ืจืกื’).

ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“. ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• - ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืคื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืขืœื™ื• (ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืค"ื ื”ื™"ื‘) - ื—ื•ืฆืฅ; ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื). ื•ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืคื” ืืœื ืืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื•, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• (ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ืข"ืค ื’ืžืจื ืฉื). ื•ื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“; ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“, ืžืฉื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื). ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืœ (ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืค"ื˜ ืž"ื’; ื’ืž' ืฉื ื•ืฉื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื).

ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•, ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืฉื‘ืช ื ื– ื ื“"ื” ื”ื ื ืžื™ ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื) ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื• ืœื™ื˜ืœื•, ื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื“ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืจื• ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื”ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื• (ืฉื•"ืช ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ื™, ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ื˜ื”ืจื” ืงืฆื— ืก"ืง ื›ื’; ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื“ ืก"ืง ื). ื•ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืข (ืกื™' ื›ื’ ืื•ืช ื‘) ืคื™ืจืฉ, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ื•ืคื•, ื“ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืžืฉ.

ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“, ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืœื•ื ื™ืœ (ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืกื•ืฃ ืค"ื‘) ื•ื”ืจืื‘ื™"ื” (ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ ืกื™' ืชืชืงืฆื ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข ืกื™' ืฉืกื‘) ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ื• ื›ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ "ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื•". ื•ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ (ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื” ืก"ืง ื’) ื›ืชื‘, ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื• ืœืžื™ื; ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ืจื•ื‘ื• ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื”ื, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืฉื) ื•ื”ืคื ื™ ืืจื™ื” (ืกื™' ื–) ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื—ื•ืคื” ืืœื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ืช (ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืค"ื— ืž"ื”) ื•ื”ืฆืžื— ืฆื“ืง (ืœื™ื•ื‘ืื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงืก) ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืื—ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื• ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ื“ื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื™ื.

ื”ื”ืงืคื“ื”. ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจื•, ืืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืื”, ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื”, ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื”ืกืจืชื• - ื“ื ื• ื‘ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื• ืœื:

(ื) ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ืช ืื“ื (ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืช ื™ื‘) ื•ื”ืœื—ื ื•ืฉืžืœื” (ืก"ืง ืก) ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ืืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื•ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื ืงื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื”, ื•ืกืชืžื• ื‘ืฉืขื•ื” ืื• ื‘ืขื•ืคืจืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื ืก ืื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกืชื™ืžื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœื ื•ื™ - ื—ื•ืฆืฆืช. ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืจื•ื™ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืฆืฆืช (ืคื—ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืข' ืืฉื”; ืฉื•"ืช ืฆืžื— ืฆื“ืง ืฉื; ืฉื•ืืœ ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื ืงืžื ื—"ื’ ืกื™' ื›ื–, ื•ืขื•ื“, ื•ืขื™' ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื– ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืžื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช).

(ื‘) ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื”, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข (ืกื™' ืฉืกื‘ ืื•ืช ื™ื) ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืงืฆื— ื•; ืฉื•"ืช ืคื ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื•ืช ื—"ื‘ ืกื™' ืงืžื–, ื•ืขื•ื“). ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื—ืฉืฉ ืกื›ื ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ (ืกื“ืจื™ ื˜ื”ืจื” ืก"ืง ื™ื˜). ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจืื‘ื™"ื” (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื•"ื– ืกื™' ืฉืกื‘ ืื•ืช ื™ื) ืืช ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ (ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืค"ื—) ืฉื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืœืคื™ ืฉืกื›ื ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื•.

(ื’) ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื•, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืกืคืจ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” (ืกื™' ืงื’ ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ื™ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”), ื”ืกืž"ื’ (ืœืื• ืงื™ื) ื•ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ (ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืกื™' ืชืฉืžื—) ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ืœื“ ืฉืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื›ื” (ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืค"ื˜ ืž"ื“) ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืžืช ื”ื›ืื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืœื™ื˜ืœื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื˜ื”ืจื” (ืกื•ืฃ ืก"ืง ื›ื•) ืฉืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืชื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื•, ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกื›ื ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืชื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื•, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื—ืฅ ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื•ืคื•; ืื‘ืœ ื’ืœื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื•ืคื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื›ืœ ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื•. ืื•ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื˜ื”ืจื” (ืก"ืง ื›ื’) ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืฉ ืžืงื•ืฆื™ ื•ื”ืžื”ืจื™"ืง (ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื˜"ื– ืก"ืง ื™ื“) ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ืœื“ ืฉื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื›ื” ืฉื—ื•ืฆืฅ (ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืฉื ืž"ื‘), ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืืฃ ื›ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื•. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืขืœ ื‘ืฉืจืŸ ื›ืœ ื’ืจื‘ ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื—ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื.

33 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช0 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ

ืคืกื—

bottom of page